• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an installation for storing and transporting a cryogenic fluid on board a ship (1), the installation comprising a sealed and thermally insulating tank (2, 3, 4, 5) for storing the cryogenic fluid in a a liquid-vapor two-phase equilibrium state, the installation comprising at least two sealed conduits (22, 23, 24, 25) penetrating through the tank so as to define a passage for evacuating the vapor phase of the cryogenic fluid from the two outlets (22, 23, 24, 25) each having a collection end opening inside the tank at the level the ceiling wall (13); the collection ends of said two watertight conduits (22, 23, 24, 25) opening into the tank at two areas of the ceiling wall (13) located at two longitudinally opposite ends of said ceiling wall ( 13).
    公开号:FR3032258A1
    申请号:FR1550746
    申请日:2015-01-30
    公开日:2016-08-05
    发明作者:Karim Chapot；Pierre Jean
    申请人:Gaztransport et Technigaz SARL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to the field of installations for storing and transporting a cryogenic fluid on board ships and comprising one or more sealed and thermally insulating tanks with membranes.
    [0002] BACKGROUND ART Liquefied natural gas transport vessels have a plurality of tanks for the storage of the cargo. The liquefied natural gas is stored in these tanks, at atmospheric pressure, at about -162 ° C and is thus in a state of two-phase liquid-vapor equilibrium so that the heat flow exerted through the walls of the tanks tends to cause evaporation of liquefied natural gas. In order to avoid generating overpressure inside the tanks, each tank is associated with a sealed pipe for evacuation of the vapor produced by evaporation of the liquefied natural gas. Such a sealed conduit for steam evacuation is described in particular in WO2013093261, for example. The pipe passes through a wall of the tank and opens into the upper part of the internal space of the tank and thus defines a passage of steam between the interior of the tank and a steam collector arranged outside the tank. The vapor thus collected can then be passed to a re-liquefaction plant to then reintroduce the fluid in the tank, to a power generation equipment or to a degassing mast provided on the deck of the vessel. However, under certain damaged conditions, when the filling level of the tank is maximum and the ship is stranded in a position in which it has a slope of the cottage and / or a significant attitude inclination (s), it there is a risk that the steam discharge pipe opens into the liquid phase and is therefore no longer in contact with the vapor phase stored in the tank. In such circumstances, insulated pockets of vapor-phase gas are likely to form inside the tanks. However, such gas pockets are likely to induce overpressures that can damage the tanks and / or cause an expulsion of the liquid phase to the outside of the tank through the evacuation pipe of the aforementioned steam.
    [0003] In order to limit the probabilities that such isolated gas pockets are formed, it is certainly known to limit the maximum level of filling of the tanks. However, such a limitation of the filling level of the tanks leads to a shortfall for the carriers and is therefore not fully satisfactory.
    [0004] SUMMARY An idea underlying the invention is to propose an installation for storing and transporting a cryogenic fluid on board a ship which makes it possible to reduce the risks that such isolated vapor phase gas pockets can not form at sea. inside a tank without being able to be evacuated.
    [0005] According to one embodiment, the invention provides an installation for storing and transporting a cryogenic fluid on board a ship, the installation comprising a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing the cryogenic fluid in a two-phase equilibrium state. liquid-vapor, said vessel having a longitudinal dimension extending in the longitudinal direction of the vessel and having a generally polyhedral shape defined by a horizontal ceiling wall, a bottom wall, transverse walls and side walls, the transverse walls and the side walls connecting the bottom wall and the ceiling wall; each wall having in the thickness direction from the outside towards the inside of the tank at least one thermally insulating barrier and a sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid; the installation comprising at least two leaktight pipes penetrating through the tank so as to define a passageway for evacuating the vapor phase of the cryogenic fluid from the inside to the outside of the tank, the two pipes each comprising one end of collection opening inside the tank at the sealing membrane of the ceiling wall; the collection ends of said two pipes opening into the interior of the tank at two areas of the ceiling wall located at two longitudinally opposite ends of said ceiling wall.
    [0006] Thus, when the ship is immobilized in an inclined position in which its longitudinal axis is inclined, at least one of the two pipes opens into an elevated area of the ceiling wall and is thus able to evacuate the vapor phase of the cryogenic fluid stored in the tank, at least until the cottage is too high. According to embodiments, such an installation may include one or more of the following features. the collecting ends of said two pipes open at two corner regions of the diagonally opposite ceiling wall. Thus, when the ship is immobilized in an inclined position in which it has an inclination of cottage, at least one of the two sealed pipes opens into an elevated area of the ceiling wall and is thus able to evacuate the vapor phase of the fluid cryogenic. - According to an advantageous embodiment, the installation comprises four sealed pipes each having a collection end opening into the vessel and each defining a vapor phase evacuation passage and the ceiling wall has a rectangular shape , the collection ends of the four pipes opening at four corner regions of the ceiling wall so that when the ship is stationary in an inclined position in which it has a pitch inclination and / or cottage at at least one of the four pipes opens at the highest point of the ceiling wall and is able to evacuate the vapor phase of the cryogenic fluid. each of the pipes is connected to a steam collector arranged outside the tank. each steam collector is connected to a steam injection pipe which penetrates through the tank and opens below a tank height corresponding to the maximum filling limit of the tank such that said injection pipe is able to reinject the vapor collected in the liquid phase of the cryogenic fluid stored in the tank when the tank is filled with liquefied natural gas at a height corresponding to said maximum filling limit. In other words, the injection pipe opens into the tank at a height such that said injection pipe is able to reinject the collected vapor into the liquid phase of the cryogenic fluid. According to one embodiment, the injection line can in particular lead to the lower part of the tank, that is to say below the mid-height of the tank. Such a re-injection of the vapor phase into the liquid phase of the tank makes it possible to limit or even avoid the formation of a cloud of potentially flammable vapor in the vicinity of the ship. Advantageously, each manifold or each injection pipe is equipped with a pump capable of discharging the vapor towards the liquid phase of the cryogenic fluid stored in the tank. the steam injection pipe comprises an injection pipe extending inside the tank and having a plurality of bubbling orifices for reinjecting the vapor phase into the liquid phase of the cryogenic fluid stored in the chamber; tank. Such an injection cane facilitates heat exchange between the reinjected vapor phase and the liquid phase. - The injection rod has a spiral shape, which also promotes heat exchanges. - The installation includes a relief well passing through the ceiling wall of the tank and allowing the descent of an emergency pump in the tank. - According to one embodiment, the injection rod is removably mounted in said relief well. According to another embodiment, the relief well may itself form a portion of the steam injection pipe. - In one embodiment, the installation comprises a loading / unloading tower extending over the entire height of the tank, suspended from the ceiling wall of the tank, the loading / unloading tower supporting one or more unloading lines which are each associated with a respective unloading pump supported by the loading / unloading tower, the loading / unloading tower further supporting the relief well. the or each steam collector is connected to a degassing mast via a safety valve. the safety valve can in particular be calibrated at a relative pressure value of between 200 and 400 millibars, for example of the order of 250 millibars. - The tank is bordered by two transverse cofferdams arranged on either side of the tank and each delimited by a pair of transverse walls and each of the pipes passes through one of the transverse walls of the cofferdam adjacent to the wall area ceiling at which said pipe opens and is connected to a steam collector at least partially housed in said cofferdam. each manifold is connected to the two pipes which open at the corner areas adjacent to the cofferdam in which said collector is at least partially housed. - The installation comprises a plurality of tanks separated from each other by transverse cofferdams and each manifold housed in a cofferdam separating two tanks is connected to the two pipes of each of the two adjacent tanks which open at the corner areas adjacent to the cofferdam in which said collector is housed. Advantageously, in such an installation, each of the pipes is equipped with a valve or a non-return valve so that the gaseous phases are not likely to pass freely from one tank to another. each duct comprises a horizontal portion passing through a transverse partition of a pair of partitions defining a cofferdam and a vertical portion connected to said horizontal portion by a bent portion, said vertical portion passing through an opening formed in the membrane of sealing of the ceiling wall which is intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid. each duct comprises a portion equipped with a compensator ensuring the fixing of said duct to the transverse partition of the cofferdam through which it passes and presenting corrugations making it possible to bring flexibility to the duct so as to allow its contraction during cold setting of the tank. each pipe comprises a double wall tube having two concentric walls and an intermediate space between the two concentric walls evacuated and / or lined with an insulating material. the or each tank is arranged in a supporting structure formed by the double hull of a ship and transverse bulkheads of cofferdam. the or each tank comprises, in the direction of the thickness from the outside to the inside of the tank, a secondary heat-insulating barrier retained against the supporting structure, a secondary sealing membrane carried by the secondary heat-insulating barrier, a primary thermally insulating barrier resting against the secondary sealing membrane and a primary sealing membrane carried by the primary thermally insulating barrier and intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid contained in the tank. the outer wall of the double-walled tube is sealingly welded to the primary sealing membrane and the inner wall of the double-walled tube is sealingly welded to the primary sealing membrane, thereby continuously ensuring presence of a double level of sealing. According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a vessel comprising a plant mentioned above. According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a cryogenic fluid is conveyed through isolated channels to or from a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel. According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a transfer system for a cryogenic fluid, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the double hull of the vessel to a storage facility. float or ground pump and a pump for driving a flow of cryogenic fluid through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, features and advantages thereof will become more clearly apparent from the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely to illustrative and non-limiting, with reference to the accompanying drawings. - Figure 1 is a schematic view, partially in section, of a liquefied natural gas transport vessel. - Figure 2 is a schematic top view of a liquefied natural gas transport vessel equipped with steam evacuation pipes opening at the four corner areas of the ceiling wall of each tank. - Figure 3 is a partial view, in perspective and in section of a vessel of a liquefied natural gas transport vessel. - Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a tank illustrating in detail the passage of a steam outlet pipe through walls of the tank and its connection to a collector disposed in a cofferdam. FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a tank illustrating in detail the passage of a pipe for evacuating steam through the walls of the tank and its connection to a manifold disposed in a cofferdam separating two tanks. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a vessel illustrating the passage of a steam discharge conduit through the walls of the vessel. FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a tank illustrating in detail a steam collector disposed in a transverse cofferdam separating two adjacent tanks and its connection, on the one hand, with a degassing mast and, on the other hand, on the other hand, with a nozzle for injecting steam into the liquid phase of the liquefied natural gas stored in the tank. - Figure 8 is a sectional view of a ceiling wall of a tank illustrating in detail a vapor collection device passing through said ceiling wall. FIG. 9 is a cutaway schematic representation of a vessel 30 comprising a liquefied natural gas storage tank and a loading / unloading terminal of this tank.
    [0007] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS FIGS. 1 and 2 show a vessel 1 equipped with a liquefied natural gas storage and transport facility which comprises four tanks 2, 3, 4, 5 sealed and thermally insulated. Each tank 2, 3, 4, 5 is associated with a degassing mast 7 which is provided on the deck of the vessel 1 and allowing the escape of the gas in the vapor phase during an overpressure inside the tank 2, 3, 4, 5 associated. At the rear of the ship 1 is provided a machine compartment 6 which conventionally comprises a steam turbine with a mixed feed capable of operating either by combustion of diesel fuel or by combustion of evaporation gas from the tanks 2, 3, 4, 5. The tanks 2, 3, 4, 5 have a longitudinal dimension extending in the longitudinal direction of the ship 1. Each tank 2, 3, 4, 5 is lined at each of its longitudinal ends by a pair of partitions The tanks 2, 3, 4, 5 are thus separated from one another by a transversal cofferdam. It is thus observed that the tanks 2, 3, 4, 5 are each formed inside a supporting structure which is constituted, on the one hand, by the double hull of the ship 11 and, on the other hand, by the one of the transverse partitions 8, 9 of each of the cofferdams 10 bordering the tank 2, 3, 4, 5. In FIG. 3, it can be seen that each tank 2, 3, 4, 5 has a polyhedral shape defined by a wall of horizontal bottom 12, a horizontal ceiling wall 13 and transverse walls 14 and side walls 15, 16, 17 connecting the bottom wall 12 and the ceiling wall 13. In the embodiment shown, each tank 2, 3, 4 5 has a section of octagonal shape, seen in section along a transverse vertical plane. In other words, the tank 2, 3, 4, 5 has vertical side walls 15 and inclined side walls 16, 17 each connecting one of the vertical side walls 15 to the ceiling wall 13 or to the bottom wall 12 The transverse walls 14 are vertical. The bottom walls 12, ceiling 13 and the side walls have a rectangular shape. The transverse walls 14 have an octagonal shape. In another embodiment not shown, the tanks have a hexagonal section. In this case, the vertical side walls 15 extend downwardly to the bottom wall 12 and the transverse walls 14 thus have a hexagonal shape. The tanks 2, 3, 4, 5 are membrane tanks. Each tank wall comprises, from the outside to the inside of the tank, a secondary heat insulating barrier 18 comprising heat insulating elements juxtaposed on the support structure and anchored thereto by secondary retaining members, a membrane of secondary seal 19 carried by the secondary heat-insulating barrier 18, a primary heat-insulating barrier 20 comprising heat-insulating elements juxtaposed and anchored to the secondary sealing membrane 10 19 by primary retaining members and a primary sealing membrane 21, carried by the primary thermally insulating barrier 20 and intended to be in contact with the liquefied natural gas contained in the tank. In such membrane vessels, the liquefied natural gas is stored at pressures close to atmospheric pressure. According to one embodiment, the membrane vessels are produced according to the N096 technology, which is described in particular in document FR2968284 A1. Thus, the heat-insulating elements are for example formed by insulating boxes comprising a bottom panel and a cover panel. parallel, spaced in the direction of thickness of the insulating box, carrying elements 20 extending in the thickness direction, optionally the peripheral walls, and a heat insulating lining housed inside the insulating boxes. The bottom and lid panels, the peripheral partitions and the support elements are for example made of wood or composite thermoplastic material. The heat-insulating lining may be made of glass wool, wadding or polymeric foam, such as polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam or polyvinyl chloride foam or granular material or powder-such as perlite, vermiculite or glass wool-or nanoporous airgel material. In addition, the primary and secondary sealing membranes 21 comprise a continuous sheet of metal strakes with raised edges, said strakes being welded by their raised edges to parallel welding supports held on the insulating boxes. The metal strakes are, for example, made of Invar ®: that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel whose expansion coefficient is typically between 1.2 × 10 6 and 2 × 10 -6 K -1, or in a high manganese iron alloy whose expansion coefficient is typically of the order of 7.10-6 K-1. According to another embodiment, the membrane tanks are made according to Mark III technology which is described in particular in document FR2691520 A1. In such a tank, the heat-insulating elements are, for example, constituted by a layer of insulating polymer foam. sandwiched between two sheets of plywood glued to said layer of foam. The insulating polymer foam may in particular be a polyurethane-based foam. The heat-insulating elements of the secondary heat-insulating barrier are covered with a secondary waterproofing membrane 19 made of a composite material comprising an aluminum foil sandwiched between two sheets of fiberglass fabric. The primary waterproofing membrane 21 is itself obtained by assembling a plurality of metal plates, welded to each other along their edges, and having corrugations extending in two perpendicular directions. The metal plates are, for example, made of stainless steel sheets or aluminum, shaped by folding or stamping. Returning to FIG. 2, it can be seen that the installation comprises, for each tank 2, 3, 4, 5, four steam evacuation pipes 22, 23, 24, 25 penetrating through the tank so as to define a evacuation passage of the vapor produced by the evaporation of the liquefied natural gas in the tank. The steam evacuation conduits 22, 23, 24, 25 open out at the four corner regions of the ceiling wall 11. Thus, if a vessel equipped with such an installation were to be immobilized in a position inclined, at least one of the four steam discharge pipes 22, 23, 24, 25 of each tank would be in relation with the vapor phase and thus be able to evacuate the tank to avoid overpressures and this, whatever the inclination of attitude, that is to say the inclination of the longitudinal axis of the ship relative to the horizontal, and whatever the inclination of cottage, it is ie the inclination of a transverse axis of the ship relative to the horizontal. Furthermore, each steam discharge pipe 22, 23, 24, 25 is connected to a manifold 26 disposed at the cofferdam 10 adjacent to the corner area in which said pipe opens. Advantageously, for each tank, the two pipes 22 and 25, on the one hand, and 23 and 24, on the other hand, which open at the same longitudinal end of the ceiling wall 13 are connected to the same In addition, in the embodiment shown, the collectors 26 which are arranged at the cofferdams 10 separating two adjacent tanks 2, 3, 4, 5 are connected to the two pipes 22, 25 or 23, 24 of each two neighboring tanks. Such an arrangement thus makes it possible to optimize the number of collectors 26 required. However, in this case, it is advantageous to equip each of the pipes with a non-return valve or a valve so as to avoid a gas communication between the tanks. Valves, for example solenoid valves, are capable of being controlled remotely, for example, from the deck of the ship. Thus, each of the valves can be opened or closed depending on the inclination of the plate and the slope of the cottage. In the other embodiment not shown, each manifold 26 is connected only to two steam discharge lines 22, 25 or 23, 24 15 of the same tank. Therefore, for each cofferdam zone 10 between two neighboring tanks two collectors 26 respectively collect the steam from both of the two neighboring tanks. Such an arrangement prevents liquefied natural gas from passing from one tank to another when the collected steam is intended to be reinjected into the tanks. Each manifold 26 is at the same time connected to a steam injection pipe 41 able to allow the reinjection of the vapor collected in the liquid phase of the liquefied natural gas stored in the tank and to a degassing mast 7 via a gas valve. 42. With reference to FIG. 4, a tank angle is observed at an intersection between a transverse wall 14 and the ceiling wall 13. The tank shown being of the N096 technology, it is equipped in this connection. zone of a connecting ring 27 formed of an assembly of several welded sheets, made in invar0 for example. The connecting ring 27 is fixed to two flanges 28, 29 perpendicular to the transverse wall 14 and welded to the cross wall 9 of cofferdam and to two flanges 30, 31 perpendicular to the ceiling wall 13 and welded to the wall internal of the double hull of the ship. The connecting ring 27 comprises a set of primary plates 38, 39 carrying primary anchoring surfaces on which are welded metal strakes 32, 33 of the primary sealing membrane 21 and ensuring the continuity of the waterproofing membrane In the same way, the connecting ring 27 comprises a set of secondary plates 36, 37 carrying secondary anchoring surfaces on which are welded metal strakes 34, 35 of the secondary sealing membrane 19 and ensuring the continuity of the secondary sealing membrane 19. The steam evacuation pipe 22 is bent and comprises a horizontal portion 22a connected by a bent portion 22b to a vertical portion 22c whose end opens into the internal space of the tank . The horizontal portion 22a passes through an opening formed in the cross wall 9 of cofferdam and extends to the primary heat-insulating barrier 20 of the ceiling wall 13, passing through the secondary heat-insulating barrier 18 of the wall 14 and the sets of secondary plates 36, 37 and primary 38, 39 of the connecting ring 27. The vertical portion 22c through an opening in the primary sealing membrane 21 of the ceiling wall 13 so that the collecting end of the pipe 22 opens into the tank. The collecting end of the pipe 22 may be equipped with a filter 44. In the embodiment shown, the discharge pipe 22 is advantageously formed by a double-walled pipe whose two concentric walls are made of stainless steel and whose intermediate space is under vacuum and / or lined with an insulating material. The outer wall of the double wall tube stops at the set of secondary plates 36, 37 of the connecting ring 27 and is welded to it while the end of the inner wall of the double wall tube passes through the barrier thermally insulating primary 20 and then the primary sealing membrane 20 and is welded thereon so as to seal the primary waterproofing membrane 21. The double wall tube comprises, at its passage through the partition cross 9 of cofferdam, a double compensator 40 to provide flexibility to the pipe 22 so as to allow its contraction during the cold setting of the tank. To do this, the double compensator 40 comprises, at the level of the outer wall, an outer portion having a series of corrugations and, at the inner wall, an inner portion having a series of corrugations. The double compensator 40 further ensures attachment of the steam discharge line 22 to the cross wall 9 of cofferdam. To do this, in the embodiment shown, the corrugated outer portion of the double compensator 40 is welded to a stainless steel insert 43 which is mounted inside an opening formed in the transverse wall 9 of cofferdam and which is welded to it. The pipe 22 is connected here to a manifold 26 which comprises a tube which extends inside the cofferdam 10 in a transverse direction and which thus makes it possible to collect steam coming from two pipes 22, 25 opening at a level of two. corner areas of the ceiling wall disposed at the same longitudinal end of the tank. The embodiment of FIG. 5 differs from that of FIG. 4 in that the manifold 26 is here connected to the two steam discharge pipes 22, 23 opening into the two corner zones facing the two The collector 26 also comprises a tube, not shown in FIG. 5, which extends on the bridge, in the transverse direction of the vessel and thus makes it possible to collect steam coming from two other pipes. 24, 25 which open out at the two other zones of angles adjacent to said cofferdam 10. Furthermore, each discharge pipe 22, 23 is equipped with a valve 54 able to allow or prohibit the passage of the gas phase of the exhaust pipe to the manifold 26 to allow isolation of the tanks relative to each other. With reference to FIG. 7, it can be observed that the collector 26 is connected via a three-way connection 46, on the one hand, to a steam injection pipe 41 able to allow reinjection of the vapor phase collected in the liquid phase 25 liquefied natural gas stored in a tank and on the other hand, a degassing mast 7 via a safety valve 42. Each manifold 26 or steam injection pipe 41 is equipped with a pump 55 allowing to repress the gaseous phase collected in the liquid phase. The installation further comprises a loading / unloading tower 45, shown schematically in FIG. 7, for loading the cargo into the tank, before it is transported, and for unloading the cargo after it has been transported. The loading / unloading tower 45 extends over substantially the entire height of the tank, in the vicinity of a transverse wall 9 of the cofferdam. The loading / unloading tower 45 is suspended from the ceiling wall 13 and may in particular consist of a tripod type structure, that is to say having three vertical poles. The loading / unloading tower 45 supports one or more unloading lines 47 and one or more loading lines, not shown. Each of the unloading lines 47 is associated with a respective unloading pump, not shown, which is itself supported by the loading / unloading tower 45. Furthermore, the installation comprises a relief well 48 passing through the ceiling wall 13 of the tank and extending over substantially the entire height of the tank and 10 allowing the descent of a backup pump and an unloading line in case of failure of the other unloading pumps. In the embodiment shown, the relief well 48 is used to reinject the vapor collected in the liquid phase of the liquefied natural gas stored in the tank without having to provide an additional passage through the walls of the tank. tank. To do this, in the embodiment shown, the steam injection pipe 41 comprises an injection rod 49 disposed inside the relief well. The injection rod 49 extends over a substantial portion of the height of the vessel so as to dive within the liquid phase of the liquefied natural gas. In the embodiment shown, the injection rod 49 comprises a spiral shape and a plurality of bubbling holes 50 distributed along the injection rod. Such a structure of the injection rod 49 makes it possible to promote the heat exchange between the reinjected vapor and the liquid phase of the liquefied natural gas. The injection rod 49 is removably mounted inside the relief well 48 so as to allow its withdrawal from the relief well when the emergency pump has to be lowered into the relief well 48. injection pipe is connected to the three-way connection 46 via an isolation valve 51 so as to allow an interruption of the reinjection of steam into the tank, especially when the injection rod 49 must be withdrawn and the emergency pump lowered into the relief well 48. Moreover, it is noted that the safety valve makes it possible to direct the steam towards the degassing mast in order to evacuate the vapor in the atmosphere and to avoid overpressures at the inside the tank when the pressure of the steam is above a threshold. The safety valve may in particular be calibrated at a relative pressure value of between 200 and 400 millibars, for example of the order of 250 millibars.
    [0008] Each tank 2, 3, 4, 5 can also be equipped with a steam collection device 56, as shown in FIG. 8, and passing through the ceiling wall 14 of the tank in a central zone. The carrying structure comprises a circular opening around which is welded a barrel 52 which extends outside the carrier structure. A collector metal pipe 53 is anchored inside the drum 52 and is intended to extract the vapors produced by the evaporation of the liquefied natural gas in the tank. The collecting duct 53 passes through the ceiling wall 13 at the center of the circular opening, as well as the thermally insulating barriers 18, 20 and the sealing membranes 19, 21. This collecting duct 53 is connected in particular to a steam collector at the bottom. outside of the tank which extracts this vapor and is able to transmit the steam selectively to a degassing mast 7, to the steam turbine for the propulsion of the ship or to a liquefaction device to then reintroduce the fluid into the tank. Referring to Figure 9, there is a broken view of a LNG tanker 70 equipped with such a storage and transport facility liquefied natural gas. Figure 9 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship. In a manner known per se, loading / unloading pipes 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of liquefied natural gas to or from the tank. 71. FIG. 9 also shows an example of a marine terminal including a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an on-shore installation 77. The loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed installation providing shore comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74. The movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 73. The movable arm 74 is adaptable to all the gauges of LNG carriers. A connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78. The loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77. liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting lines 81 connected by the underwater line 76 to the loading or unloading station 75. The underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station. and unloading 75 and the on-shore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the tanker ship 70 at great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations. In order to generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.
    [0009] Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if These are within the scope of the invention. The use of the verb "include", "understand" or "include" and its conjugate forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps other than those set forth in a claim. The use of the indefinite article "a" or "an" for an element or a step does not exclude, unless otherwise stated, the presence of a plurality of such elements or steps. In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses can not be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Installation for storing and transporting a cryogenic fluid on board a ship (1), the installation comprising a sealed and thermally insulating vessel (2, 3, 4, 5) for storing the cryogenic fluid in a state of two-phase liquid-vapor equilibrium, said vessel (2, 3, 4, 5) having a longitudinal dimension extending in the longitudinal direction of the vessel (1) and having a generally polyhedral shape defined by a horizontal ceiling wall (13), a bottom wall (12), transverse walls (14) and side walls (15, 16, 17), the transverse walls (14) and the side walls (15, 16, 10 17) connecting the bottom wall ( 12) and the ceiling wall (13); each wall (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17) having in the thickness direction from the outside towards the inside of the vessel at least one thermally insulating barrier (18, 20) and a membrane of sealing (21) intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid; the installation comprising at least two sealed lines (22, 23, 24, 25) penetrating through the vessel so as to define a passage for evacuating the vapor phase of the cryogenic fluid from the inside to the outside of the vessel; tank, the two pipes (22, 23, 24, 25) each having a collection end opening into the interior of the tank at the sealing membrane (21) of the ceiling wall (13); The collection ends of said two lines (22, 23, 24, 25) opening into the vessel at two areas of the ceiling wall (13) at two longitudinally opposite ends of said ceiling wall ( 13).
    [0002]
    2. Installation according to claim 1, wherein the collection ends of said two lines (22, 23, 24, 25) open at two corner regions of the diagonally opposite ceiling wall (13).
    [0003]
    3. Installation according to claim 2, comprising four sealed pipes (22, 23, 24, 25) each having a collection end opening inside the tank at the sealing membrane (21) of the wall of each ceiling (13) and each defining a vapor phase evacuation passage and in which the ceiling wall (13) has a rectangular shape, the collecting ends of the four lines (22, 23, 24, 25) opening at level of four corner regions of the ceiling wall (13) so that when the ship is stationary in an inclined position in which it has a pitch attitude and / or gite at least one of the four lines ( 22, 23, 24, 25) opens at the highest point of the ceiling wall and is able to evacuate the vapor phase of the cryogenic fluid.
    [0004]
    4. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each of the pipes (22, 23, 24, 25) is connected to a steam collector (26) arranged outside the tank (2, 3, 4,
    [0005]
    5). 5. Installation according to claim 4, wherein each steam collector (26) is connected to a steam injection pipe (41) which penetrates through the tank (2, 3, 4, 5) and opens at the interior of the tank below a tank height corresponding to a maximum filling limit of the tank so that said injection pipe is adapted to reinject the collected vapor via the steam collector (26) in the phase liquid of the cryogenic fluid stored in the tank when the tank is filled with liquefied natural gas at a height corresponding to said maximum filling limit, each steam manifold (26) or each steam injection pipe (41) being equipped with a pump capable of discharging the collected vapor to the liquid phase of the cryogenic fluid.
    [0006]
    6. Installation according to claim 5, wherein the steam injection pipe (41) comprises an injection rod (49) extending inside the tank (2, 3, 4, 5) and having a plurality of bubbling holes (50) for reinjecting the vapor phase into the liquid phase of the cryogenic fluid stored in the tank.
    [0007]
    7. Installation according to claim 6, comprising a relief well (48) passing through the ceiling wall (13) of the tank and allowing the descent 25 of an emergency pump into the tank and wherein the injection rod ( 49) is removably mounted in said relief well (48).
    [0008]
    8. Installation according to claim 7, comprising a loading / unloading tower (45) extending over the entire height of the tank (2, 3, 4, 5), suspended from the ceiling wall (13) of the tank the loading / unloading tower (45) supporting one or more unloading lines (47) each associated with a respective unloading pump supported by the loading / unloading tower, said loading / unloading tower further supporting said unloading tower (47); relief well (48).
    [0009]
    9. Installation according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein the or each steam collector (26) is connected to a degassing mast (7) via a safety valve (42).
    [0010]
    10. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the tank is bordered by two transverse cofferdams (10) disposed on either side of the tank (2, 3, 4, 5) and delimited each by a pair of transverse partitions (8, 9) and in which each of the conduits (22, 23, 24, 25) passes through one of the transverse partitions (8, 9) of the cofferdam (10) adjoining the the ceiling wall (13) at which said pipe opens (22, 23, 24, 25) and is connected to a steam collector (26) at least partially housed in said cofferdam (10).
    [0011]
    11. Installation according to claim 10 when dependent on claim 3, wherein each manifold (26) is connected to the two pipes (22, 25 or 23, 24) which open at the corner areas adjacent to the cofferdam. (10) wherein said collector (26) is at least partially housed.
    [0012]
    12. Installation according to claim 11, comprising a plurality of tanks (2, 3, 4, 5) separated from each other by transverse cofferdams (10) and wherein each manifold (26) housed in a cofferdam separating two tanks ( 2, 3, 4, 5) is connected to the two lines (22, 25 and 23, 24) of each of the two adjacent tanks which open at the corner areas adjacent to the cofferdam (10) in which said manifold (26 ) is housed.
    [0013]
    13. Installation according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein each pipe (22, 23, 24, 25) comprises a portion equipped with a compensator (40) ensuring the attachment of said pipe (22, 23, 24). 25) to the cross wall (9) of the cofferdam through which it passes and having corrugations to provide flexibility to the pipe (22, 23, 24, 25) so as to allow its contraction during the cold setting of the tank.
    [0014]
    14. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein each pipe (22, 23, 24, 25) comprises a double wall tube 30 having two concentric walls and a space between the two concentric walls which is under vacuum and / or lined with an insulating material.
    [0015]
    15. Ship (70) having an installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14.
    [0016]
    16. A method of loading or unloading a ship (70) according to claim 15, wherein a cryogenic fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) to or from a floating or land storage facility. (77) to or from a tank of the vessel (71).
    [0017]
    17. Transfer system for a cryogenic fluid, the system comprising a ship (70) according to claim 15, insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) arranged to connect the tank (71) installed in the double hull. the vessel to a floating or land storage facility (77) and a pump for driving a flow of cryogenic fluid through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AU2016211087A1|2017-08-17|
    ES2786277T3|2020-10-09|
    AU2016211087B2|2017-10-26|
    CN107429880A|2017-12-01|
    JP6349037B2|2018-06-27|
    KR101879453B1|2018-08-17|
    US9915397B2|2018-03-13|
    KR20170104608A|2017-09-15|
    FR3032258B1|2017-07-28|
    EP3250849B1|2020-02-05|
    CN107429880B|2019-04-05|
    WO2016120540A1|2016-08-04|
    PL3250849T3|2020-07-27|
    US20170363253A1|2017-12-21|
    EP3250849A1|2017-12-06|
    JP2018506002A|2018-03-01|
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    法律状态:
    2016-02-01| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-08-05| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20160805 |
    2017-01-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-01-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-01-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2021-01-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2022-01-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1550746A|FR3032258B1|2015-01-30|2015-01-30|STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION INSTALLATION OF A CRYOGENIC FLUID EMBEDDED ON A SHIP|FR1550746A| FR3032258B1|2015-01-30|2015-01-30|STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION INSTALLATION OF A CRYOGENIC FLUID EMBEDDED ON A SHIP|
    PL16703571T| PL3250849T3|2015-01-30|2016-01-14|Apparatus for storing and transporting a cryogenic fluid on-board a ship|
    US15/547,246| US9915397B2|2015-01-30|2016-01-14|Apparatus for storing and transporting a cryogenic fluid on-board a ship|
    ES16703571T| ES2786277T3|2015-01-30|2016-01-14|Storage and transport facility for a cryogenic fluid shipped on a ship|
    JP2017539582A| JP6349037B2|2015-01-30|2016-01-14|Equipment for storing and transporting cryogenic fluids on board|
    KR1020177023174A| KR101879453B1|2015-01-30|2016-01-14|Apparatus For Storing And Transporting A Cryogenic Fluid On-Board A Ship|
    CN201680017628.XA| CN107429880B|2015-01-30|2016-01-14|For aboard ship storing and transporting the device of cryogen|
    EP16703571.6A| EP3250849B1|2015-01-30|2016-01-14|Apparatus for storing and transporting a cryogenic fluid on-board a ship|
    PCT/FR2016/050067| WO2016120540A1|2015-01-30|2016-01-14|Apparatus for storing and transporting a cryogenic fluid on-board a ship|
    AU2016211087A| AU2016211087B2|2015-01-30|2016-01-14|Apparatus for storing and transporting a cryogenic fluid on-board a ship|
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